What Is Linux?

Linux is becoming synonymous with both “Unix for the PC” and “open source.” In the strictest sense, Linux is a monolithic operating system (OS) kernel that provides base OS services such as memory, file, and device management; input and output; and process scheduling. Linux, named by and for Linus Torvald who nurtured and managed it through development, is based on a PC-Unix implementation called Minix, which in turn was based on the AT&T System V UNIX.

Linux is an attractive OS because it is free, runs on inexpensive hardware, and runs on multiple processors, including Alpha, Intel (80386, 80486, Pentium, and Itanium), PowerPC, and Sparc. Source code is available under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL).

What most users refer to as Linux is actually a distribution-a collection of software that includes the Linux kernel and other software, such as drivers, compilers, windowing systems, user interfaces, and installers that make it easier for users to acquire, install, and configure Linux. Under the GPL, distributors can charge for the value they add to the distribution, including installers, documentation, and support for the distribution.